OBSERVE-HYPOTHESIZE-EXPERIMENT “OHE”
Michael Lewis claims that students should be allowed to Observe (read or
listen to language) which will then provoke them to Hypothesize about how the
language works before going on to the Experiment on the basis of that
hypothesis.
In his own teaching design, Lewis proposes a model that comprises the
steps, Observe-Hypothesize-Experiment, as opposed to the traditional
Present-Practice –Produce paradigm. Unfortunately, Lewis does not lay out any
instructional sequences exemplifying how he thinks this procedure might operate
in actual language classrooms.
LEXICAL APROACH
It has lexically based theory of language
It doesn´t have any certain learning theory
It is an alternative approach
It focuses on words and word
combinations
Grammar and lexis are the heart of
learning
It aims to teach vocabulary within
grammar
Teachers help learners to discover
knowledge instead of giving it directly
“TYPES OF RESEARCH
QUESTIONS”
Quantitative Question Types
Quantitative
research is typically used to determine how, what, when, and where.
Questionnaires for quant research are in many ways easier to develop than qual,
as once you determine what you need to learn, incorporating those questions
into multiple choice, single-select, grid questions, and so on, is more
intuitive. Because it’s gathering larger data sets of answers, quantitative
methodologies include research questions that are typically more specific:
- Descriptive Questions: Seek to describe the concept or topic in
question. An example of this type would be understanding the usage of a
product like the frequency, time of day, the purpose of use, etc.
- Comparative Questions: Used to analyze the difference between
two groups, concepts, or other variables. Examples of these types of
questions include comparing the frequency of use between two products, men
versus women’s preference for brands, etc.
- Relationship-Based
Questions: Or in some cases
causal-based— these questions work to understand how one variable
influences another, like how color influences the desire to purchase a
particular product.
Qualitative Question Types
Qualitative
research is less quantifiable in nature and focuses more on discovering,
understanding, and exploring meaning when it comes to an objective. Qual
research questions are less direct and far vaguer in nature:
- Exploratory Questions: Similar to descriptive questions in
quant research, this form of question looks to understand something—
without influencing the results with preconceived notions. For example,
asking how a product is used or perceptions around a certain topic are two
types of exploratory questions.
- Predictive Questions: As the name entails, these questions
seek to understand the intent or future outcome surrounding a topic or
action. An example of this type of question would include asking why a
consumer behaves in a certain why or how they’d feel if a certain
situation were to take place.
- Interpretive
Questions: Look to gather
feedback on a certain topic or concept without influencing the outcome.
For example, testing new product concepts and understanding how messaging
claims are interpreted would fall under this type.
Well
written questions, regardless of the methodology, provide an easy to understand
outlet for respondents to provide their answers. They should not only answer
objectives but also identify problems and opportunities. The types of questions
above can be used to guide the objectives and the key question of the research
or be implemented throughout a questionnaire in order to provide the most
relevant insights.
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